Add to Wish List Link to this Book Add to Bookbag Sell this Book Buy it at Amazon Compare Prices. Takamori's parents also had to borrow money to buy farmland in order to have enough food for the growing family. shizoku rebellion. News article in Le Monde Illustr, 1877. date= January 29, 1877 to September 24, 1877 place= Kysh, Japan result=Imperial Victory combatant1= Empire of Japan combatant2=Satsuma domain (2021, September 2). How the Samurai Ended During the Satsuma Rebellion. They had, they considered, paid the piper, and they wished to call the tune. ISBN-10: 1142113523. In disgust, Saigo resigned as the army general, imperial councilor, and commander of the imperial guards the next day. In reality it was a military college. With that, Saigo threw his support behind those organizing for a rebellion. The Satsuma Rebellion book. Publication Date: 2006. Like all other times in his life, though, his retirement was short-livedin January of 1869, the Satsuma daimyo made him a counselor of the domain's government. During the latter years of the Tokugawa shogunate, just prior to the Meiji Restoration, the Satsuma clan began to invest heavily in armaments, building a new shipyard at Kagoshima, two weapons factories, and three ammunition depots. The head was somehow retrieved by government forces and was reunited with Saig's body, which was laid next to that of his deputies Kirino and Murata. Although the samurai were heavily outnumbered, they made a heroic stand and counterattack against the Japanese Army and showed their legendary skills off to the world in their final fight. Kumamoto, Fukuoka, Saga and other places in Kyushu, not to speak of Satsuma, his birthplace, responded to his call. Following the repression of the Satsuma Rebellion, a samurai uprising in 1877, Japan again forged ahead toward political unity, but there was an increasing trend of antigovernment protest from below, which was epitomized by the Movement for Peoples Rights. The eight-month-long Satsuma Rebellion was the last great rebellion of feudal Japan, quite literally the last stand of the disaffected samurai warriors against the new imperial government, put in place by the Meiji Restoration. Although much of his history has been lost, recent scholars have discovered clues to the true nature of this illustrious warrior and diplomat. The Apocryphal Suicide of Saig Takamori: Samurai, Seppuku, and the Politics of Legend. Journal of Asian Studies 69.3 (2010): 691-721. Buck, James H. "The Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. The Satsuma Rebellion: An Episode of Modern Japanese History ; with Maps. The province of Satsuma is situated in the southernmost portion of the island of Kyushu, and Kagoshima is the capital city. Shortly thereafter, a private military academy known as the Shi-gakk was established in Kagoshima for the faithful samurai who had also resigned their posts to follow him from Tokyo. A primary source of its causes and events. At one point, he offered to visit Korea in person and to provoke a casus belli by behaving in such an insulting manner that the Koreans would be forced to kill him. Soon, more than 1,000 Satsuma samurai appeared and drove off the intruding sailors. In real life, Saig initially led the Imperial forces and won the four-day Battle of Toba-Fushimi in January 1868. However, disgruntled samurai in Satsuma viewed him as a symbol of traditional virtues and wanted him to lead them in opposition to the Meiji state. Meanwhile, however, a crisis was developing in the government itself. Scene of Satsuma rebellion, triptych. Feb. 15, 2023. Publish Date: Jan 02, 2010. Each man was armed with a small firearmeither a rifle, a carbine, or a pistolas well as 100 rounds of ammunition and, of course, his katana. The rebellion was very expensive for the government, which forced it to make numerous monetary reforms including leaving the gold standard. Call Number: E315 .H64 2006. Format: Paperback. Why educator David Tarvin "thinks in Prezi" Feb. 13, 2023. Although the Satsuma Rebellion far exceeded the next largest disturbance, the 1874 Saga Rebellion of 2, 500 samurai, it followed a general pattern of samurai protest. Friction among the Cabinet members over the question of Korean conquest, added to the local disturbances, made the already confused state of things worse confounded, and the result was the famous Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. A Long History of Japanese Women Warriors, Biography of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 16th Century Unifier of Japan, Overview of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, Bushido: The Ancient Code of the Samurai Warrior, Russo-Japanese War: Admiral Togo Heihachiro, J.D., University of Washington School of Law, B.A., History, Western Washington University. The major religious activity of this sect is to chant and meditate the true names (Sat-Nam) of God, specially Rama and Krishna. Satsuma Rebellion. ThoughtCo. In addition to the army, the central government also used marines and Tokyo policemen in its struggle against Satsuma. into one of Japan's leading private universities, with a student body of nearly 14,000 and a multinational faculty of some 1,500 as of 2019. However, despite their successes, the Satsuma army failed to take the castle, and began to realize that the conscript army was not as ineffective as first assumed. The Satsuma advance guard, 4,000 strong, set out on February 15, marching north. Shiba was in the Imperial Army at the time. [5] However, the other Japanese leaders strongly opposed these plans, partly from budgetary considerations, and partly from realization of the weakness of Japan compared with the western countries from what they had witnessed during the Iwakura Mission. The work is generally accurate and has much of . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The surviving rebels made a stand on the slopes of Mount Enodake, and were soon surrounded. Bibliolife DBA of Bibilio Bazaar II LLC, 2014 - 358 pages. SAIGO, who was then living in seclusion, had no choice but to rise to action after the private-school faction beseeched him to do so. They were armed with breech-loading Snider rifles and could fire approximately six rounds per minute. [10] Statues in Ueno Park, Tokyo and near the ruins of Kagoshima Castle stand in his memory. The Satsuma Rebellion was a samurai rebellion against the imperial government of Japan which occurred from 29 January to 24 September 1877 on the island of Kyushu. Many of the warrior Samurai during the Seinan war (Satsuma rebellion) used the tosei (modern / post 1540) style samurai armor which consisted of a ni-mai . HOME > Initial Steps toward a Constitutional State > b. Economic effects of the Satsuma Rebellion resulted in the passing of the Act of February 4, 1877, which reduced the land tax from 3% to 2.5%. He suffered from angina and also filariasis, a parasitic infection that gave him a grotesquely enlarged scrotum. The rebellion lasted from January 29, 1877, until September of that year, when it was decisively crushed and its leader, Saig Takamori, was shot and mortally wounded. After Saigo's death, Beppu and the last of the "ex-samurai" drew their swords and plunged downhill toward the Imperial positions and to their deaths. [1], Saig Kokichi ( ) was born in Kajiya, Kagoshima, Satsuma Domain, the eldest son of samurai squire (koshkumi) Saig Kichib and his wife Masa. "Saigo Takamori: The Last Samurai." Soon 132 branches were established all over the prefecture. The first thing about which historians often comment is the period's stability. Over the next three days, more than 1000 students staged raids on the naval yards and other arsenals.[3]. Not long after the wedding, both of Saigo's parents died, leaving Saigo as the head of a family of twelve with little income to support them. Three firsthand accounts of the condition of his deceased body exist. ThoughtCo. On September 24, 1877, at 3:45 am, the Emperor's army launched its final assault in what is known as the Battle of Shiroyama. Their artillery consisted of 28 5-pounders, two 16-pounders, and 30 mortars. Statements. Rejecting large numbers of volunteers, he made no attempt to contact any of the other domains for support, and no troops were left at Kagoshima to secure his base against an attack. This opposition reached the boiling point in 1876 when the central government banned samurai from carrying swords and stopped paying them stipends. SAIGO's forces were crushed on September 24, 1877 (Meiji 10) in the face of a general attack by government forces. Saig was a strong proponent of war with Korea in the Seikanron debate of 1873. revolt of disaffected samurai against the new imperial government, nine years into the Meiji Era. The formal ceremony took place on April 4, 1868, and the former shogun was even allowed to keep his head! In this rebellion, Saigo Takamori, one of the veteran statesmen of the Restoration, who enjoyed a wide popularity and was well versed in military tactics, acted as the head of the insurrection. The Death of the Last Samurai Saigo's troops marched out confidently, sure that samurai in other provinces would rally to their side, but they faced an imperial army of 45,000 with access to unlimited supplies of ammunition. . Szczepanski, Kallie. The decision in 1938 Since the OP might be interested, here are the pages from the above reading on the Satsuma Rebellion and its aftermath. Over the next several nights, they raided additional arsenals around Kagoshima, stealing weapons and ammunition, and to make matters worse, they discovered that the national police had sent a number of Satsuma natives to the Shigakko as central government spies. During the Boshin War, Saig led the imperial forces at the Battle of TobaFushimi, and after led the imperial army toward Edo, where he accepted the surrender of Edo Castle from Katsu Kaish. Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified. It is said that he was shot in the femur, then he thrust a sword into his stomach region, then had his head decapitated deliberately by a fellow citizen. The Satsuma samurai fought on with fierce determination; meanwhile, the defenders ran out of artillery shells. The rebellion of the Satsuma samurai involved about 12000 men, almost all of which were of that class and hence would have proper swords.Wikipedia states that there were about 1200 labourers. The survivors were out of ammunition, so had to rely on their swords. Each side had suffered more than 4,000 killed or wounded. They resisted the Imperial forces until they were destroyed to the last man. On February 13 and 14, the Satsuma domain's army of 12,900 organized itself into units. The members of his retinue carried in cotton bags the swords they were no longer allowed to wear; and when, at the end of his journey, the gates of the yashiki at Kagoshima closed upon his palanquin, he may have realized that he had passed for ever out of the political life in which he had at one time played so conspicuous a role. 1868-1912 -- Sources. In disgust at this latest move of a Government with which he had never from the first been in sympathy, he left Tokio. The Siege of Kumamoto Castle lasted until April 12, 1877. A reproduction of the same statue stands on Okinoerabujima, where Saig had been exiled. The imperial troops spent several days constructing an elaborate system of ditches, walls and obstacles to prevent another breakout. In Kagoshima prefecture (formerly Satsuma domain), the samurai of the 'private-school faction' (referring to graduates of the private school set up by SAIGO Takamori and his disciples), organized by KIRINO Toshiaki, et al., joined forces with the Prefectural Governor OYAMA Tsunayoshi to advance their own policies. The rebels' momentum soon stalled when they settled into a months-long siege of Kumamoto Castle, just 109 miles north of Kagoshima. Those men were motivated by growing domestic problems and by the threat of foreign encroachment. Fearing a rebellion, the Meiji government sent a warship to Kagoshima to remove the weapons stockpiled at the Kagoshima arsenal on January 30, 1877. He famously opposed the construction of a railway network, insisting that money should rather be spent on military modernization.[4]. In New England, merchants and farmers struggled to maintain their businesses in a new economy without established European trade or credit lines. [3], To help support and employ these men, in 1874 Saig established a private academy known as the Shi-gakk in Kagoshima. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. ISBN-13: 9781437338997. After two days of fruitless attack, the Satsuma forces dug into the rock-hard icy ground around the castle and tried to starve the garrison out in a siege. . On January 30, 1877, the central government launched a raid on the arms and ammunition storage areas in Kagoshima, without any prior warning to the Satsuma authorities. Not being allowed to travel by sea, he went back to Satsuma by land, following the historic route he and other nobles had so often taken before. Japanese Government Documents, 1867-1889 (special issue of Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan; 1914), by Japan, ed. By 1877, he sided with rebel forces and fought in what's now known as the Satsuma Rebellion. He led his samurai straight up the middle of Kyushu, planning to cross the straits and march on Tokyo. Imperial forces fell back, and Acting Major Nogi Maresuke of the Kokura Fourteenth Regiment lost the regimental colors in fierce fighting. English Wikipedia. However, Yamagata was determined to leave nothing to chance. Saigo suspected that the Koreans might assassinate him, but felt that his death would be worthwhile if it gave Japan a truly legitimate reason to attack its neighbor. The Satsuma Rebellion: An Episode of Modern Japanese History; with Maps - Primary Source Edition. It was the final battle of the Satsuma Rebellion, . At the height of the battle, Saig wrote a private letter to Prince Arisugawa, restating his reasons for going to Tokyo. Saig did insist, however, that Japan should go to war with Korea in the Seikanron debate of 1873 due to Korea's refusal to recognize the legitimacy of the Emperor Meiji as head of state of the Empire of Japan, and insulting treatment meted out to Japanese envoys attempting to establish trade and diplomatic relations. The Battle of Shiroyama ( Shiroyama no tatakai) took place on 24 September 1877, in Kagoshima, Japan. This fighter's primary weapon is a percussion rifle, and the only other 'modern' element of his D: THE SATSUMA REBELLION, 1877 appearance is a white crossbelt supporting a cap pouch on D1: Highranking samurai, rebel army his chest and a cartridge pouch behind his right hip. Yamagata also landed a detachment with two infantry brigades and 1,200 policemen behind the rebel lines, so as to fall on them from the rear from Yatsushiro Bay. The five government warships in Kagoshima harbor added their firepower to Yamagata's artillery, and began to systematically reduce the rebel positions. [6] The costs of pacifying the former samurai led to the Meiji government becoming virtually bankrupt; the government was forced to sell off state-owned enterprises such as factories and mines to politically-connected merchants and former officials at low prices, leading to the instant formation of large industrial firms or zaibatsu. First I developed my thesis statement. Today, he serves the thoroughly modern nation of Japan as a symbol of its samurai traditionstraditions that he reluctantly helped to destroy. Instead, he went home to Kagoshima. Saigo's nearly bloodless victory won him national fame, eventually leading to his appointment as an elder of Satsuma in September of 1866. Imperial forces emerged victorious, but with heavy casualties on both sides. Satsuma Rebellion: Satsuma Clan Samurai Against the Imperial Japanese Army In 1877, the samurai of Satsuma province and their reluctant leader, Takamori Saigo, hurled a final challenge at Japan's westernizing government. There are no published reports by eyewitnesses. He was born on May 26 th in the fourth year of Keian (, 1651). On January 3, 1868, the Boshin War began with Saigo's army of 5,000 marching forward to attack the shogun's army, numbering three times as many men. Modern weapons were also used such as the Smith & Wesson Model No. The samurai were armed with traditional weapons including katanas, naginata and yari polearms, yumi bows, and Sengoku era gunpowder weapons such as tanegashima, baj-zutsu, and wooden cannons. Details; Description; The year 2018 has seen many events in Japan marking 150 years since the Meiji Restoration. shizoku rebellion. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. By 6 a.m., only 40 rebels were still alive. When the plan was rejected, Saig resigned from all of his government positions in protest and returned to his hometown of Kagoshima, as did many other Satsuma ex-samurai in the military and police forces. Saig was severely wounded. However, the Imperial Army was likewise depleted, and fighting was suspended for several weeks to permit reinforcement. Saig Takamori Gunmusho () banknote, issued in 1877 to finance his war effort. The Last Samurai chronicles the fortuitous rise and tragic fall of Saig. Multiple legends sprang up concerning Saig, many of which denied his death. Although kubo Toshimichi and others were more active and influential in establishing the new Meiji government, Saig retained a key role, and his cooperation was essential in the abolition of the han system and the establishment of a conscript army. From Kagoshima Through the Siege of Kumamoto Castle", This page was last edited on 11 November 2022, at 04:04. Updates? The Battle of Shiroyama: The final battle of the Satsuma Rebellion, this battle serves as the basis for the final battle scene in the film. In real life, Saig initially led the Imperial forces and won the four-day Battle of Toba-Fushimi in January 1868. This includes data values and the controlled vocabularies that house them. Saig Takamori was labelled as a tragic hero by the people, and his actions were considered an honorable example of bushido and Yamato-damashii. Satsuma Rebellion. Satire picture of Boshin War, diptych. Attempts at Constitutional Government > Satsuma Rebellion. [citation needed], In English, the most common name for the war is the "Satsuma Rebellion". They retreated once more to Mount Shiroyama, which stands above the city of Kagoshima, where the rebellion began seven months earlier. Saigo Takamori: The Last Samurai. He funded but was not directly involved with the schools, so did not know that the students were becoming radicalized against the Meiji government. The few surviving samurai launched a suicide charge into the teeth of the imperial army's Gatling guns, and were shot down. The artillery battalion was divided into 2 batteries with 130 men per battery. Saigo Takamori helped to usher in the modern era in Japan, serving as one of the three most powerful officials in the early Meiji government. ISBN-10: 1437338992. Satsuma rebeliion.svg 703 965; 1.09 MB. The Satsuma Rebellion, also known as the Seinan War was a revolt of disaffected samurai against the new imperial government, nine years into the Meiji Era. By this time much uneasiness prevailed. As none of the eyewitness accounts mention a wound to the abdomen, or any fresh sword wound at all, it is unknown if Saig pierced his stomach with his sword. In February 1877, the Meiji government dispatched Hayashi Tomoyuki, an official with the Home Ministry with Admiral Kawamura Sumiyoshi in the warship Takao to ascertain the situation. Imperial reinforcements eventually forced their way through the rebel lines at the Battle of Tabaruzaka, lifting the siege. Saigo supported a stronger role for the Emperorbut distrusted the others' millennial rhetoric. In the wee hours of the morning on September 24, the emperor's troops launched a three-hour-long artillery barrage, followed by a massed infantry assault that began at 6 am. While the year 1868 was crucial to the fall of the shogunate and the establishment of a new government . On February 19, the first shots of the war were fired as the defenders of Kumamoto castle opened fire on Satsuma units attempting to force their way into the castle. In Satsuma and the rest of Japan, though, it was not clear whether reforms like these were sufficient, or if the entire social and political systems were due for a revolutionary change. 7. Datasets available include LCSH, BIBFRAME, LC Name Authorities, LC Classification, MARC codes, PREMIS vocabularies, ISO language codes, and more. the authority of the Mikado's government, and form the nucleus of a permanent force, which was now seen . Led by Daniel Shays, the rebel "Shaysites" of . Szczepanski, Kallie. In this,, The last and greatest revolt came in 1877 in Satsuma. In 1877, the samurai of the Satsuma Province rose up in the Satsuma Rebellion or Seinan Senso (Southwestern War), challenging the authority of the Restoration Government in Tokyo and testing the new imperial army. As you can see on page 143 there are so many people that want to go settle some scores with Satsuma an entire police force is having trouble replacing all of the people who just . Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu resigned, returning power to the Emperor in what came to be known as the Meiji Restoration. The Satsuma Rebellion of 1877: Letters of John Capen Hubbard E. Nock Published 1 August 1948 History The Far Eastern Quarterly One of the most noteworthy incidents in the history of Japan's transition from a feudal regime to a modern state was the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877. Monumenta Nipponica This provoked open conflict, although with the elimination of samurai rice stipends in 1877, tensions were already extremely high. He was one of the most influential samurai in Japanese history and one of the three great nobles who led the Meiji Restoration. ISBN-13: 9781142113520. During 1867, Saigo and officials from Choshu and Tosa made plans to bring down the Tokugawa bakufu. However, the Satsuma army was able to cut its way free from encirclement. Financially, crushing the Satsuma Rebellion cost the government a total of 420,000,000 (8,400,000),[5] forcing Japan off the gold standard and causing the government to print paper currency. In the end, the dispute with Korea came to a head only in 1875 when a Japanese ship sailed to Korean shores, provoking artillery there into opening fire. Publish Date: Dec 10, 2008. After receiving reinforcements, the imperial force, now totaling 4,000 men, attacked the rear elements of the Satsuma army and drove them back. Originally, they were a militant sect of Hindu Worshippers. Fighting continued into the night. [3], Saig Takamori, one of the senior Satsuma leaders in the Meiji government who had initially supported the reforms, was especially concerned about growing political corruption - popular prints depicted the rebel army with banners bearing the words shinsei-ktoku (, new government, high morality). The shogun's men were still hunting him, so Saigo went into a three-year internal exile on the small island of Amami Oshima. At age six, Saigo Takamori started at the local gojuor samuraielementary schooland got his first wakizashi, the short sword used by samurai warriors. "How the Samurai Ended During the Satsuma Rebellion." Each battalion was divided into ten companies of 200 men. [9], A Japanese hand fan commemorating the event, which survives in the collection of the Staten Island Historical Society in New York, features a depiction of Saig Takamori in a scene labeled (in English) "The Battle Near the Citadel of Kumamoto".[10]. In the meantime, on March 9 Saig, Kirino, and Shinohara were stripped of their court ranks and titles.[3]. In the 7th century, Japan took a . Saig initially disagreed with the modernization of Japan and the opening of commerce with the West. The line infantry was divided into 14 regiments of three battalions each. Later woodcut prints depicted the rebel leader kneeling to commit traditional seppuku, but that would not have been possible given his filariasis and shattered leg. Satsuma Rebellion Part of the ShizokuRebellions Map of the campaign Belligerents Empire of Japan Satsuma Domain Commanders and leaders Emperor Meiji Prince Arisugawa Yamagata Aritomo Kuroda Kiyotaka Tani Tateki Saig Takamori Kirino Toshiaki Beppu Shinsuke Strength 227,000 10 warships 25,000-35,000 Casualties and losses In the Emperor's capital, politics had changed significantly during Saigo's exile. However, the exact manner of his death is unknown. Then I introduced the leader of the rebellion. https://www.thoughtco.com/figures-and-events-in-asian-history-s2-3896549 (accessed March 1, 2023). . The Satsuma Rebellion - Free ebook download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. After the Restoration the condition of things became less unsettled in Mito, and to some extent also in Choshiu. It is not clear what was done with Saig's head immediately after his death. 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