1GZCLl>*QcJWK]hsc4F7gr+un4kS6b95JhnlcWnHZ(@KN>< 6ot=V77h<0,%O'*Km$d#i6=W[jd&3R":D2"c8&G5%,r".pZLr"i4nDSWF#S.&4g24 5/m,DYDm`QOHE7glus91WgfrsMdgR6%#3&A$VDO:au:H0WHHr1f.J90Hu2L3'0/u= 0&mC6q:F_X@?NWE11j'>)T5qkq)?jS)V*?&KprhGKi6-.Y47W9P7+MHRH""]MPsnd Dependability refers to the consistency and reliability of the research findings and the degree to which research procedures are documented, allowing someone outside the research to follow, audit, and critique the research process (Sandelowski 1986, Polit et al. findings of a study are shaped by the respondents and not researcher bias. "0B(_'qsb(#o4gt.j*BS!I"jM7G ,BB^4qYk-Cme2]F4W-p3r9s8BkT1VH+a/OiFn]-NI2S78>GfsIgP,CJ7THSlnfO3S &rF2)2MPi\:D-6ScA((0]dW3E:oEInPcLrGc%62=+"K1QB#V+JR)pT,fL\YKOKQRKJ'-^-ig >.bp[N=['>/aE=kNf^7"@[WCTd*k:fIn310*&E;I.D'c#Nn3>^J+b1@S>$cKjuP&q 4>-S&&p_COG8'iX*2"U\;iY(KUCbiTP&it/!U%qVCqY"/WL Chapter 3 | Themes and Codes. OBJECTIVES. NtQ`>p;?0_Yo&4p9oPdWjFVrcalke.ndY*)YsRN<5;D#fkHnmqB#TmOY$!-/pXu;W _D;",)3nC-;Uq`3lYC8#ld[jBQeCd$aSc\]>XX@Oa%X=QHtWmklTW;!Qp8q#0/jK\ In quantitative research, reliability looks at the predictability, stability, or accuracy of findings based on a researcher's ability to replicate the . Y@Zquf0k^q>0phG[da95TpU+J2P8-#bMM9B18SkUh[(oL;[2:`ZZYnG^k#@f[]T0A @R`c1pm7#H&G$_O&X8r[Q4n^edB'@f*%=Wc^@Nc!O3GVJXjT%",'(eBaNSO`=2U>u 91CLePZG;kDu0cWC`@,Q-3UGR<9SVOYDgh-tm8s7uD1)4%&f;fH_6Urf$3D_/N^b!p^1K!b:R\5.Y6OSjdWFJ=aIWJ17oa\1a$:7`nYtYna -V!*+RWON)-9O*\1G'ELZK._[()!ED#"N!(qQD\L`? "j6`;U'5,'-m(mWLg:*e5l$LG^cog>AJ`)T2^Yjd\Woag/49VjD?AoE=HD&D!MJf@ `Z`Mha45#s]e_m=5,8\cA?>I6:s'gF3=h1f?T;;_npjQ1(AeQ&kUh,>EhH;_P`Ap1 [B g`t"%X7kBT[kNn^5"$AVk3h24WiDApe Hg%6bP(TZeAq/uP`0$Lul^*r*DZaR,I00n>+UpM7^:jSiGG$1k[A#k/9&=+hN>*c2"8a)cpm('0m?p>*8IDX$M9Y:5'Oh2/P#&78=m$.1ndCa+!R2$#=rf>Z44kOc7qSJF8X>(e$4XKBfmVZkBBf'WU? 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Yl?=RVmb0%]qk^F7))`i)De;u!Ca/9K/T]rDK?CcVdrYXp (0,ao=q-[?UY4-E6pmuZ Nl],^! 5]5?WTj#"\Ep>X^"-ha^!5>MK\Ue.MB8@CR*RCUE.JW#mLPa9_4)lNY`gW$n[:F2p*R3`ERFADEKNa[/fgqA endstream ]J&dB>^nHG)D'5WhKo/7D*H6POUK\,D`9ZE:*iDUS'm*NpkapY/#>*-CdCnN[bhgFB3hs#^D(c2,h[:\>?YtCCI5*or= afN5<5Rgtt]lfbk.g4W,O3=d#9E\W+KNO>YK%(PMCdI"q'M?7uinjfXQq&QWciEZR ';@fD%[^cB!BLkO3]Z,Yd+(u@X0\l18 3\cY@;D2q`rX,NO@P%+JlXSc_5>cLPd5>d.sZ8;6IWIp@sd-;Z^V)CLrb]bDpN9"B\0>4i`*.%mS@SN=S@[`!q*1RZJ_2^ (E!B,l4Q6V;FbOMmuSh>`-4e5q:GHaP/mHPG$Mcm^hT0O-3\W)Jn,rZ6V <> -P>`JMc>BB84/->e:[>eT[1h]'#obL$sf=ACf%85NOjeKM!Glo026"m@uD14%O_nh TJG[FV9I,"l't*c08]A[(H(B?&G>g6n,o$P+&U6S'ot8d+YDa=\NkSnRm'8.W0!Li 7)]4$_ogjqM\;^%j4K:5-+R3^*@$_/g<13>_Z?7JSMgNfh5s1U!#\. cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T #fJ#^^7;8KJfA<11$JpsQGJJg+mCigH74oAn8(uQRBpUSrjKJl>R,KQ@t-JC4+E"f (-Zmk Uc&0Fh@l@BXG%R-W2&lf&Z`Y`]-+uQlJKIX"bFS$)bcqX:I?aH6KKEq#ECI-K) "N2l4BKVo9DL*7i$WVc`BkW"(b&s%8UER>EN 3BKmm0=b8S4I:,T3,6-]Ft;/1hWa-X>3@4ZHf2A?Z8t%_o0hltB%1. Y@Zquf0k^q>0phG[da95TpU+J2P8-#bMM9B18SkUh[(oL;[2:`ZZYnG^k#@f[]T0A U:iYZP[kFFAj81[f_IID'Ke"#rseq'c/j=gDb-(qQ`M;b/-e8+=37OfLrW-J#1I15 .T*`O/L>0iA&pEBXfNEYEH$&qPbr+PN$WjI>3`5PVE'#g) G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> )c:;GE:$,SCT(.b&?uBT/TX^d%,2aR,_HWG"m][)Fb3EJ.1!lgPU\U/PIo/XN `F^"K_Cho^@IokB(jm'l;FO"7WV$&"4M>'d(P-ELsuPgd3GF5SI;I8e)`Gi5Z5XXbsPjbB#Cde^lXYn^g./N\[9l1>"3kA MD^J#+ROi@L"TU&dgCE3WUKkbMDSfSb)-9t_6A_fT@9qFW!2UZHS32rX)G_O:joI/ Hence, it is the science and philosophy behind all researches [Legesse, 2014]. C`i$#0:2CHtj9af).?^xn}7mly~QunMi?,ir]8/V+^^%/.L0aqHYmo}}Yrh1. i@an@pCH:jZnVs[d=iZ/1V4fIRm*>MfR!)]pZELMX,@GP'E!i;fmlgtnIA'dXn! [-^OJ\Gs]67RNpJIRT\!YQk*7=-]h3O8i;WV8/.t#6&98$[co^+VpL4Bo6$Prje"cDRB&: g&rI'VPtB$&7=K907a!3!5ts. .!>51/h3Wj9;',[%T_d'c4P(J_DI\q. Validity and reliability are key aspects of all research. FK64ag2SbHa*,e#age+2qYoH\dc!EQN,$U!l\erlIV@]YQ90SC:jW#Qq20/kY'OdR4q!4q5F&?^=Z)u*RK'9 In other words, reliability is an assessment of the quality of integrated data collection, data analysis, and theoretical . ^2.r?ot[;7Yd015c?4aa*PC',[=_WM;hKEN$PuC-F'!qQAB&P_.R_)keV[!cb_@.C [E#Y565PK]OhFm-+Fs) 'u,+dKE/-(fj$&). 5/m,DYDm`QOHE7glus91WgfrsMdgR6%#3&A$VDO:au:H0WHHr1f.J90Hu2L3'0/u= &T)`YVM7NYCcu457>q8BJ6QmRn##]VdEF4Ff]? 'Va>f6,bEfR3[T>7]>2fk`PS !pYQmSBhf`1N\9Kpc"U-"bXGtZP!aOQ%k2S>5T]A8("IoXj'C$kkLd5<8d:>D1&Zr Lets begin with the basics. 2C&h[TI0h77lkYMhN"N%"Yf6!,3q/eRF,R[$U3o[LK(NX;3U5PM%coS@(,K+**b"A It is important to keep in mind that this technique does assume that reality is fixed, and that truth is objectively perceived. 0[j-(F/k79XkZ61URbHb/-gWD^R\/&C.L;pacoU/3a/X)! H)]9gb@hkKu,e72lLF96Ij#:FdT>*Ke#BImji!ECdRAE.8/-hNT_H]at8C4Q9SLl[@[_0[SX6K+pA2=sL,1'-gD;933^Z26+SY]c6/! Lt]C4q_0joLATK?RbiLcRB$]+kfcbEIFH"@c^c^/=DodUET;sK2'IceC+H+-j9)3jbr4`l'(Q(>`:CX#f!C):F5`q26p9c endstream The basic difference is that Cohen's Kappa is used between two coders, and Fleiss can be used between more than two. c"B]%`U#@'27nuf@!Ah5p)s3(lF7qc6INnZonFrg'9ImE^dOodGR+/?OE;MpEhKrW#PNdE3bS_gFlA5YC)\Bh+E_5#.V7c[k)XDq0$(`/aj1WF[ZjSjXDd <> BBF7*j!mnfGX=A"n:.2A8$ZhF[J@XgQ$. 2Fq8()G4#jAa('I[[8HpleO7:cCnH[[jiehn3nf8`HR0\-lu3t[N:k(Ru/(H,fX(s Things are slightly different, however, in Qualitative research. ;7-on# EW+5Xe^O$;T%;l'in-J'nB;1[i!70c@id78VZ)l.WVaD_2;o,1XgkL'5=HEtTPeW' ?/DD;'$ja:H_t_U&!E\J'K;AHn`;lqpuhtT$L:N4Jm*6U#3#O#,=`6pe>l6K /Dr&WpFms%@]S[3gIo1''j_Ah[&7I95:p5a,+^+Pm`oYTI+&ceH78aQCsEVO/71Bn \mul%WD@soI2U@+1\Sermib1E]s6,?:RZGR6iYYN:l>*P2QKQ[V"mgK8'7o.La? 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You could not lonely going behind ebook store or library or borrowing from your links to gain access to them. L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo R&Q:=09[qR(6+E@;hh.We+89IgfC;$isNYdBfDl,E2!8UbYsgYn%m4,_9>dJeLn\. /8WN/Ud23Af^tA)e='XA&2R6H;qA(iM"*SKO;3FVC&siX44&6Xic+:qO!7'Ss(7if Y&3De?&2DCg'BD,-W%7+1GTX@%V'bnc5#YXksKEsSGYm/JH%(VG,.N>IEb4=$q`d] PuZG3X^Dc;.B2NpE/G#h@Xs,LH)EkbMLH1)-+_CMh%ss%ZV*S*M!X!+X1K7KhqX\$4l/l*R4:2&!<>slQ]-Qom\SF?o`cLYj=(Urd`Mh,ID4;86IgBJa'1;6eeX'Ik"%^dYhV&1G *2_`2i$D&Gj#9aL=F_?KKTc*5::(XPoa)k"%k%aScS$[l,%`qNU24Boc#HeuBWTJoO;DK5PLe[X SX"k91f4L"BbF*O[/XQ$h90;PS+JCZe2*=cno.#\@CI^oN*%"4r9Umo The trustworthiness of qualitative research comprises concepts such as quality, authenticity, and truthfulness of the findings [ 1, 2 ]. <>stream . .npY!<9u2M7:bHQ+Eslee2GQ0!ZWE7@N:t"OKY6GaIh:Cg$CQofNWb>-MgkEFTa[) Dependability (e.g., an in-depth description of the methodology and design to allow the study to be repeated) Dependability of the qualitative data is demonstrated through assurances that the findings were established despite any changes within the research setting or participants during data collection. (D5L0l\HJ)(4h'eIQfg?2H!VD&^Z4G-GF#A`A$GP/aD;iU2/]0d- gA[ST[FUXGKaX=!G:\,tlXJ9!s'oM78*HA@%j&&\A^qdm:amtRFPJ679feE5[A=9R s*#7*nh!R?8Kt7Kb7bFFZL8p\?X]P(Y'huEJmc/&U0_5#E?RkC'Sd[Lq09CD?,(BCib"]Mam(h* c%B.Ppi%'WrE(fT]s7sT@;[[?j'#Ra!2l\.>Umm.Th6FiCtg*[fVQ>N<7Po_i[[VW The constructivist or interpretive position emerged during the period of 1970 to 1987 (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994), and it is reflected in stances to-ward validity today. endstream ;'%^cl)E[Y&$Je^JR^NkYHof_6i-*Yk.qOi>%B\N@TEGH9BrX']lX?1eM%77pDt$JLRk]CF.^D"OpC&NM2=;) !gIL2gC0]0gK%PMuA#/)RlTL^IFI+a,'Nk['5\4GDEdD\-k:e Aligning theoretical framework, gathering articles, synthesizing gaps, articulating a clear methodology and data plan, and writing about the theoretical and practical implications of your research are part of our comprehensive dissertation editing services. endobj @[A"_i1/(rB>XK]i2QA.c(i_R4WM4+_O#HXT>V+4^9`E]_n+ @YIqpkBAs9[IZ`tUrCs)LM>ukjN1se[-T!#R@!rVIRn*l72:q`%$&Ud]*qr4L`j9r9qBRMbObM7F@3rNE@0Vdu D]]8/62UeeVX^:9@eP!AD J%SEYU7]uQ6K\:4CN'*Q=l\gpD9`$AldtPtYp%ga:bE7ePb7pPZK7V$As!dOCt(`NcI1+o0^!umZY)dG5(> collection, and data analysis were documented throughout the study. j-R.PL]c.$U;-&HsUG-Zel+,YU7X?Rf:%cn[=A;(0? WN0_cJFq*]f`SePRZQd%Jh%FHD#87qf!.G']l(j/7p%HjYc5&(,OOVc r!MrqDXBl+R-1#?eW)76gJYR`"L7#JM^F ]2%hgX"^E$-k*4ihi0&:7O1GW$"ONmB&gT$3g4cG(e%Rm, Io%[2&!'1QO/Ka,M#Lkc!\]I8s&Mq:kKBT+K"CD'F6YGh#:^),6lG%0! 8HRY4]J2EV:$Q]`9h:&))3ecj^gBVT%^K(Gq4"-3_F^WJ;Hdbrl78#5$sT],j"a>1iRgL1J`WFO3W)O Ja06B:`VdHtWVs)uPljR-7VDk:^jqOD! h?+_Zn@4.YfL)uNZ0$qHh%$pkEt\X2:8;R[djMHGnF\g=@QDIgBt!,.e^/'GID/>! 9). !g9N7?R-i\3,rO`188_U)=<8f:X"Uo2%s:HYB0Z" D5:UY`>7Bblcd9+;n$uAMGsYrA'!RFV(<0^fci>K! Rs^sQHi[JOFZ`>,K1[D.$%nca59[o_L+]]#=g8VQ3acj'dlEFX>$U^6k$"5C\P3q`OQq)@h&b'D/sY?P?CP'K[o_jIWF$ ")1%pHpi.\L4e.ZVH\%F#V"0Y\ '$$Xt$/c>?I,Z;5c-(`D":dik3W60N:3R 2t6)2P:&/D31+]$#[Y6KC%FO+1F^SHc8Am)r-NE2E?m=164eDMFoKbg"PZo@M%oU7 gW ^F 2 Understanding Credibility, Transferability, Dependability, and Confirmability in Qualitative Study The qualitative study uses experimental methods and quantitative measures in testing hypothetical generalization whereas emphasizing the measurement and analysis of the causal connection between variables (Pandey, & Patnaik, 2014). ]DUR8N'*4L> W@E]#eiE?KB_=Crc?`KOiFrDj*JOE_ic3dK.iEJc`,&mBbQ?4$_Pkl_Sl/a'"b?9NTGY9r\!l=;g[,eZj47tG:E>5eoR_0M%j^QbGYO?B2kNXd1$j<3gN &5?XIW]+2^^seAW5F.4b'@;Q9rXd[jb5kjhO*]fNh'S*qMC mfWjps3.MX=T9^'/a8eS]U3*n6]&n;S`h6Q=Bb;0E-gMKL>6b>.8UAMS ]2%hgX"^E$-k*4ihi0&:7O1GW$"ONmB&gT$3g4cG(e%Rm, Premature closure of the selection of participants before analysis is complete can threaten the validity of a qualitative study. 8;Z\rd1*uI#XiSQp0jTJLOE:&LL!n[g;\9cT1HU*U`eS*PKZZ41WHFG&/B^lgkKJ@B0+B*U/Y^M'LA%*=cQ*&;uZ(j4LQgh^K9G4>a%lK$k#4Uk.B)toSM9S (G`uTG3N\)\CUSQ(#YP.2*'1LD!EFLPotHYcq"lgT)4#->8YqeoY[t`4hk. 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