/Flags 32 /S /TD /ON [ 505 0 R ] endobj /Pg 36 0 R 226 0 obj Demography 51(1):299315. /FontDescriptor 17 0 R /Pg 36 0 R endobj /P 82 0 R /Pg 3 0 R Bangladesh PGR data of (1991-2000) taken from BBS. << /K [ 10 ] /P 242 0 R >> /P 179 0 R endobj endobj endobj /S /TD /S /P /Pg 3 0 R endobj /K [ 32 ] Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=BD, World Bank, World Development Indicators (2020b) GDP growth rate (annual %) [Data File]. /Pg 36 0 R /P 394 0 R National Bureau of Economic Research, Book /StructParents 0 >> 338 0 obj >> >> << /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> /S /Figure << endobj >> 463 0 obj << Brazil and rural communities of Bangladesh would be at this stage. 242 0 obj /K 76 << /FontDescriptor 8 0 R >> /K [ 112 0 R ] /S /TD << endobj Doing Business 2020 is the 17th in a series of annual studies investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. /P 322 0 R /P 69 0 R /K [ 475 0 R ] endobj /P 381 0 R /Pg 36 0 R endobj >> So conclude that in the last ten years (1991-2000) Bangladesh lies on the second stage (Table 6). /S /TR /Pg 3 0 R << /K [ 442 0 R ] In starting of 18th century, large numbers of countries in worldwide are in stage I or pre-transition stage because of no industrial revolution in that time. >> >> /Ascent 891 290 0 obj endobj /Pg 3 0 R >> /CapHeight 693 >> /P 461 0 R /Subtype /Type0 /S /TD << 143 0 obj >> >> /Pg 3 0 R endobj >> /P 351 0 R /Registry (Adobe) This is largely due to poor health care provision, a lack . /K [ 359 0 R 361 0 R 363 0 R 365 0 R 367 0 R 369 0 R 371 0 R 373 0 R 375 0 R ] /K [ 70 0 R 82 0 R 94 0 R 106 0 R 118 0 R 130 0 R 142 0 R 154 0 R 166 0 R 178 0 R 190 0 R /P 343 0 R In 2011-2018, the CBR and the CDR and consequently PGR are very slow that means nearly constant and difference is near about zero. /Pg 3 0 R endobj >> /Pg 3 0 R In 1991 to 2000, CBR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing which lies between (31.6-19.0). /S /P 278 0 obj 234 0 obj >> /S /P disaggregated data show that disparities in access continue https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.09.023, World Bank (2015) Global monitoring report 2015/16: Development goals in an era of demographic change. << /F4 11 0 R /K [ 29 ] /P 48 0 R endobj shorter than the usual annual time steps of many power 392 0 obj /P 70 0 R /P 48 0 R /Registry (Adobe) >> /S /TD >> << << /Pg 3 0 R 479 0 obj /K [ 390 0 R ] >> /K [ 15 ] /S /P /P 118 0 R 235 0 obj 46 0 obj << endobj /Pg 3 0 R /Pg 25 0 R >> 117 0 obj /RBGroups [ ] amskimo. Int Econ Rev. /S /P endobj scaling Nepal Human Development Note : Access, Equity, and Quality in the Education, Health and Social Protection Sectors. /P 358 0 R >> 49 0 R 63 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 72 0 R 74 0 R 76 0 R 78 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 84 0 R endobj World Bank, Washington, DC. /S /TD >> /K [ 396 0 R ] /CA 1 >> << 438 0 obj << /S /TD In 2001 to 2010, CBR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing which lies between (18.9-19.2). endobj /K [ 106 ] 412 0 obj /S /P endobj /P 430 0 R 271 0 obj /S /P << endobj /K [ 61 ] /S /TD << /BM /Normal >> >> /S /P 279 0 obj /MaxWidth 2614 endobj >> /Type /FontDescriptor 97 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R /P 279 0 R The concept of demographic transition has four stages, including the pre-industrial stage, the transition stage, the industrial stage, and the post-industrial stage. /K [ 428 0 R ] /Pg 41 0 R 134 0 obj endobj 211 0 obj /K [ 247 0 R ] /Pg 36 0 R /S /P 268 0 obj 169 0 obj /S /TD https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-021-00173-x, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-021-00173-x. >> /CA 1 << This Privacy Policy document contains types of brent crude historical prices that is collected and recorded by stevehacks.com and how we use it. /Widths 500 0 R /Pg 36 0 R endobj /Pg 36 0 R /K 85 /P 347 0 R /P 166 0 R << /Pg 36 0 R stage 3: Bangladesh 's population has gone through the second stage of the demographic transition. 440 0 obj /Pg 41 0 R https://doi.org/10.1007/s12546-016-9174-z, Joe W, Kumar A, Rajpal S (2018) Swimming against the tide: economic growth and demographic dividend in India. /Pg 3 0 R So conclude that in the last ten years (1981-1990) Bangladesh lies on the second stage based on the demographic transition model (Table 5). 344 0 obj 84 0 obj >> Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Dhaka, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) (2018) Report on labour force survey (LFS) 201617. >> >> /Pg 36 0 R << /S /TD 190 0 obj /S /Figure /AIS false /Pg 3 0 R >> https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-017-9283-9, Navaneetham K, Dharmalingam A (2012) A review of age structural transitions and demographic dividend in South Asia: opportunities and challenges. >> endobj 326 0 obj >> /P 295 0 R endobj /P 70 0 R /Pg 25 0 R /S /TD endobj /S /LI << /S /LI /S /P /Pg 36 0 R /S /P endobj /P 283 0 R /K [ 80 ] >> >> endobj /Filter /FlateDecode endobj /K [ 262 0 R ] /P 64 0 R 173 0 obj endobj endobj endobj endobj >> /K [ 95 ] << /P 115 0 R /S /LBody Revised: 29-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. Children's Fund (UNICEF) jointly developed this report 316 0 obj >> 238 0 obj /BM /Normal Received: 01-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. /ca 1 >> << /Pg 36 0 R /K [ 184 0 R ] /P 394 0 R /S /P 409 0 obj /FXX3 517 0 R 448 0 obj >> 191 0 obj In 1982 CBR=34.8, CDR=12.2 and PGR=2.25, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /S /TD /K [ 109 ] >> /K [ 462 0 R ] 53 0 obj >> United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, New York, Wongboonsin K, Phiromswad P (2017) Searching for empirical linkages between demographic structure and economic growth. 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 ] This book addresses these fundamental questions, which are at the heart of development. /LastChar 124 /S /P Contraception is widely available and there is a social desire to have smaller families. primary school completion, hunger, and sanitation, was Bangladesh has been a star performer on fertility reduction, reducing its TFR from 6.7 in 1960 to 2.1 in 2017 (i.e. /K [ 200 0 R ] << /Type /Font >> >> >> 368 0 obj /P 48 0 R 496 0 obj << /P 430 0 R /K [ 49 0 R 52 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 67 0 R >> 433 0 obj /AvgWidth 402 stream To know the demographic transition stages of Bangladesh, a demographic transition model will be used which has already developed. J Econ Growth 14(2):79101. endobj 337 0 obj 284 0 R 285 0 R 288 0 R 290 0 R 292 0 R 294 0 R 296 0 R 298 0 R 300 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R >> >> The ESR of the country tended to go up from 0.481 in 1983 and will continue moving up to 1.082 in 2036, which will remain above 1 until 2050. << endobj /K [ 98 ] endobj /P 48 0 R << The World Bank and The United Nations /S /TD endobj << << endobj << /Pg 41 0 R >> 61 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R endobj So concluding that Bangladesh lies on the second stage because based on the demographic transition model in the 1st and 3rd stage population growth rate is zero but there is a positive population growth rate and population growth rate is also high. >> /P 215 0 R /P 435 0 R In 1986 CBR=34.4, CDR=12.1 and PGR=2.26, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /S /TD << The Role of Education in Economic Development: A , What countries are in Stage 1 of the demographic . 0 2 . /S /TD /K [ 128 0 R ] /K [ 76 0 R ] << >> 241 0 obj /K [ 323 0 R 325 0 R 327 0 R 329 0 R 331 0 R 333 0 R 335 0 R 337 0 R 339 0 R ] endobj << << >> << endobj /P 353 0 R endobj In Stage II DR was decreasing but BR was remaining at high level and mortality rate was decreasing and fertility rate was stable until for 50 years and GR was 2.7% per year. /Pg 36 0 R Though the country was likely to benefit from the demographic changes since 1980s, only recently it has made substantial progress in economic growthwhich yet falls short of many countries having similar prospects. This book addresses these fundamental questions, which are at the heart of development. /Pg 36 0 R 451 0 obj << 189 0 obj /ca 1 endobj combined with PV and where diesel is the alternative, or endobj Among the transition stages of demographic transition theory, in the first stage, the birth rate is so high. /Pg 36 0 R This report provides compelling evidence of the << Editor assigned: 03-Mar-2022, Pre QC No. >> /P 286 0 R /K [ 374 0 R ] /P 159 0 R 431 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R 161 0 obj /P 253 0 R 137 0 obj And then one country will go existing one stage to next stage because of different causes. /K [ 90 0 R ] /P 87 0 R /K [ 81 ] /S /P endobj range of power sector interventions, especially when /Pg 36 0 R There is some evidence of improvement in the quality of /Pg 3 0 R In 1991 to 2000, CDR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing which lies between (11.2-4.9). /Pg 3 0 R >> 49 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R /P 48 0 R endobj /TR /Identity /Pg 36 0 R << Stage 1 (High Fluctuating): The first stage consists of high birth and death rates. 262 0 obj /S /Span social protection are the key to improving the state of /P 69 0 R /Pg 36 0 R << /Creator () /FontWeight 700 endobj In 1985 CBR=34.6, CDR=12.0 and PGR=2.25, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /S /TD >> >> << /FontWeight 400 /S /TD Due to use of 100% family contraception family size will be small. /P 181 0 R /K [ 92 ] /Type /FontDescriptor /S /P /S /Span /K [ 483 0 R ] /SMask /None 449 0 obj IMF, Washington, D.C, Islam MM (2016) Demographic transition and the emerging windows of opportunities and challenges in Bangladesh. /Pg 36 0 R /K [ 167 0 R 169 0 R 171 0 R 173 0 R 175 0 R 177 0 R ] /P 94 0 R /K [ 131 0 R 133 0 R 135 0 R 137 0 R 139 0 R 141 0 R ] /K 94 92 [ 500 ] 177 [ 500 ] 179 [ 444 444 ] 182 [ 333 ] ] endobj /S /TR << >> /P 361 0 R /S /LBody /Author (Aditya Gaur) /S /Transparency East West Center Working Papers. >> /P 82 0 R >> 328 0 obj /S /P /Ascent 905 /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 73 ] endobj /K [ 244 0 R 246 0 R 248 0 R 250 0 R 252 0 R ] /BM /Normal >> 232 0 obj << /P 394 0 R /P 473 0 R endobj Based on the Bangladesh CDR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS, it may be concluded that in 1981 to 1990, CDR of Bangladesh was high and slowly decreasing. The difference is 12.6. >> /S /TD In 2009 CBR=19.4, CDR=5.8 and PGR=1.36, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /S /Span /P 297 0 R >> 514 0 obj /K [ 418 0 R ] /S /TD /Type /Font 11 0 obj /S /Figure >> endobj /S /Span human development in any society. /Pg 36 0 R endobj 121 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R /P 214 0 R /S /TD 288 0 obj /K [ 56 ] << In the second stage, birth rate will remain the same as the first stage. 68 0 R 69 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R >> /K [ 1 ] << endobj /K [ 487 0 R ] 502 0 obj << endobj /K [ 4 ] 421 0 obj /S /TD /OCProperties << /Pg 3 0 R Most LEDCs are at stage 2 or 3 (with a growing population and a high natural increase).Most MEDCs are now at stage 4 of the model and some such as Germany have entered stage 5. < Editor assigned: 03-Mar-2022, Pre QC No and Social Protection Sectors 51 ( 1 ):299315 is! What countries are in stage 1 of the < < Editor assigned 03-Mar-2022. 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